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Natural-circulation-cooling characteristics during PWR accident simulations

J.P. Adams, Glenn E. McCreery, V.T. Berta

Abstract

A description of natural circulation cooling characteristics is presented. Data were obtained from several pressurized water reactor accident simulations in the Loss-of-Fluid Test (LOFT) pressurized water reactor (PWR). The reliability of natural circulation cooling, its cooling effectiveness, and the effect of changing system conditions are described. Quantitative comparison of flow rates and time constants with theory for both single- and two-phase fluid conditions were made. It is concluded that natural circulation cooling can be relied on in plant recovery procedures in the absence of forced convection whenever the steam generator heat sink is available.

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Key concepts: Natural circulation, Pressurized water reactor, Nuclear engineering, Environmental science, Water cooling, Natural convection, Decay heat, Boiler (water heating)