Properties, processing and utilization.

This chapter addresses new and emerging utilization scenarios, as well as challenges and impediments to expanded utilization. Most of the information presented in the chapter is based on the 'poplar experience'. But, in general, that experience can be applied to willows also, because the wood of the two genera is quite similar. However, willows are rarely available as large-size trees in sufficient volume in natural forests or plantations. So, the industrial utilization of willows remains relatively minor, except in South America. Thus, the utilization section of this chapter covers principally poplars; however, some alternatives which are unique to willows, are also presented. Finally, with the broad nature of each subject in this chapter, only an overview of the utilization potential of poplar and willow wood is presented.