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Sex-ratio distorters and other selfish genetic elements: implications for biological control.

Richard Stouthamer

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of sex-ratio distorters and other selfish genetic elements that induce such phenotypes as feminization, male-killing and thelytokous parthenogenesis in insects released for biological control purposes, and discusses their implications for the efficiency of biological control. The occurrence of cytoplasmic incompatibility-inducing bacteria, such as Wolbachia, in populations of natural enemies and their impact on the efficiency of biological control are also discussed.

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Available abstract

Key concepts: Wolbachia, Feminization (sociology), Cytoplasmic incompatibility, Parthenogenesis, Biology, Sex ratio, Biological sex, Genetics