Monitoring and Prediction of the Liquid Steel Temperature in the Ladle and Tundish

Monitoring and Prediction of the Liquid SteeL teMPerature in the LadLe and tundiShThis article is focused on the description of the main features of an online system for the real time monitoring and prediction of the liquid steel temperature in the ladle and tundish.Monitoring and prediction are based on a combination of analytical and statistical methods.Thus e.g., the temperature profiles of the walls are calculated using multi-layer implicit difference scheme taking into account the current temperature of the steel, preheating of the ladle and/or tundish, properties of the refractories, etc. Liquid steel temperatures are calculated from the heat balance of the heat fluxes into the walls and other losses.The influences of all the processes in the secondary metallurgy are taken into account in this system too.The liquid steel temperature prediction is being made continuously during the processing of steel from the LD converter to the continuous casting.