Nutritional composition and antioxidative properties ofselected edible wild mushrooms in sabah

Five species of edible wild mushrooms were selected from local (tamu) market of Sabah to determine the physicochemical properties, proximate composition, vitamin (retinol, a-tocopherol, y-tocopherol, thiamin, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid) and mineral constituents (Fe, Zn, Co, Ca, Mg, K, Na), antioxidant activity and total phenolics. Hydnumspp. had the lowest pH (5.45) and highest titratable acidity (2.79%) compared to other edible wild mushrooms. The moisture of the fresh mushrooms ranged from 58.20% to 83.63% while moisture of the dried samples ranged from 0.59% to 1.42%. Protein contents of Pleurotusspp. (9.66%) and cantharellus spp. (9.81%) were high, but fat content was low (0.38% to 2.28%) in all the species. However, Dendropolyporus spp. showed significant higher fat content (p<0.05) with the mean value Of 6.57%. Hydnum spp. shows the highest fibre level which was 39.85%. The highest level of ash content was cantharellus spp., 11.62% while the total carbohydrate was highest in Schizophyllum spp. (72.22%). Pleurotus spp. contained the highest of retinol with the mean value 52.72 ~g/g. a-tocopherol was detected in cantharellus spp. with the contents 3.72 ~g/g which is significantly higher than the cultivated mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatuS). Pleurotus spp. contained 176.00 ~g/g of ascorbic add as compared to cultivated mushroom (118.36~g/g). cantharellus spp contain the highest iron and copper content which is 175.64 ~g/g and 8.12 ~g/g respectively. Zinc content was highest in Schizophyllum spp. (139.06~g/g) as compared to Pleurotus ostreatus (98.41 ~g/g). Dendropolyporus spp. contained higher amount of caldum (81. 70mg/100g) than Pleurotus ostreatus. The antioxidant activities of petroleum ether extract was the highest for Pleurotus spp. (83.04%) while for methanolics extract, scavenging activity was highest (65.41%) for Dendropolyporus spp.. SchizophylJum spp. showed a high reducing power of 0.152 for petroleum ether extracts while metanolic extract of Pleurotus spp. showed the highest absorbance (0.219). For petroleum ether extract, chelating effects on ferrous ions were 63.59% for Dendropolyporus spp.. For methanolic extract, cantharellus spp. exhibited the highest (93.69%) chelating effect. The total phenolics contents of cantharellus spp. was significantly higher (42.21mg GAE/g extract) as compared to Pleurotus ostreatus (3.84mg GAE/g extract). As a conclusion, edible wild mushrooms have an excellent prospective in the future to emerge as a wholesome food supplement.