Micro Structured Fuel Processors for Energy Generation

This chapter contains sections titled: Outline and Definitions Power Range and Applications Overall Assembly Definitions Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Fuel Processors Costs Efficiency Start-up Time Size Weight Responsiveness to Load Changes Lifetime Design Concepts of Micro Structured Reactors for Fuel Processing Applications Micro Structured Test Reactors for Fuel Processing Methanol Steam Reforming (MSR) Methanol Steam Reforming 1 [MSR 1]: Electrically Heated Serpentine Channel Chip-like Reactor Methanol Steam Reforming 2 [MSR 2]: Electrically Heated Parallel Channel Chip-like Reactor Methanol Steam Reforming 3 [MSR 3]: Electrically Heated Stack-like Reactor Methanol Steam Reforming 4 [MSR 4]: Externally Heated Stack-like Reactor Methanol Steam Reforming 5 [MSR 5]: Electrically Heated Stack-like Reactor Methanol Steam Reforming 6 [MSR 6]: Electrically Heated Screening Reactor Development of Catalyst Coatings for Methanol Steam Reforming in Micro Channels Autothermal Methanol Reforming Autothermal Methanol Reforming 1 [AMR 1]: Micro Structured Autothermal Methanol Reformer Autothermal Methanol Reforming 2 [AMR 2]: Micro Structured String Reactor for Autothermal Methanol Reforming Catalyst Development for Methanol Decomposition Hydrocarbon Reforming Methane Steam Reforming Development of Catalyst Coatings for Methane Steam Reforming in Micro Channels Hydrocarbon Reforming 1 [HCR 1]: Micro Structured Monoliths for Partial Methane Oxidation Hydrocarbon Reforming 2 [HCR 2]: Partial Methane Oxidation Heat Exchanger/Reactor Hydrocarbon Reforming 3 [HCR 3]: Micro Structured Autothermal Methane Reformer Hydrocarbon Reforming 4 [HCR 4]: Compact Membrane Reactor for Autothermal Methane Reforming Hydrocarbon Reforming 5 [HCR 5]: Sandwich Reactors Applied to Propane Steam Reforming Hydrocarbon Reforming 6 [HCR 6]: Micro Structured Monoliths for Partial Propane Oxidation and Autothermal Reforming Catalyst Development for the Autothermal Reforming of Isooctane and Gasoline in Micro Structures Combustion in Micro Channels as Energy Source for Fuel Processors Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion Mechanistic Investigations of Hydrogen Combustion Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion 1 [CHC 1]: Single-channel Micro Reactor for Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion 2 [CHC 2]: Quartz-glass Micro Reactor for Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion 3 [CHC 3]: Combined Mixer/Cross-flow Combustor/Heat Exchanger for Determination of the Kinetics of Hydrogen Oxidation Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion 4 [CHC 4]: Cross-flow Combustor/Heat Exchanger for Hydrogen Oxidation Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion 5 [CHC 5]: Combination of a Mixer, a Cross-flow Combustor/Heat Exchanger and a Heat Exchanger for Product Quenching for Hydrogen Oxidation Catalytic Combustion of Alcohol Fuels Catalytic Hydrocarbon Combustion (CHCC) Catalytic Hydrocarbon Combustion 1 [CHCC 1]: Ceramic Micro Reactor for Butane Combustion Catalytic Hydrocarbon Combustion 2 [CHCC 2]: MEMS System for Butane Combustion Catalytic Hydrocarbon Combustion 3 [CHCC 3]: Silicon Micro Reactor for Butane Combustion Homogeneous Combustion in Micro Channels Modeling of Homogeneous Methane Combustion in Micro Channels Homogeneous Combustion in Micro Channels 1 [HCC 1]: Homogeneous Hydrogen Combustion in a Micro Combustor Homogeneous Combustion in Micro Channels 2 [HCC 2]: Homogeneous Hydrogen Combustion in a 2-D Micro Combustor Micro Structured Reactors for Gas Purification (CO Clean-up) Water-gas Shift Simulation of the Effect of Integrating Heat-exchange Capabilities into Water-gas Shift Reactors Catalyst Testing for the Water-gas Shift Reaction in Micro Structures Water-gas Shift 1 [WGS 1]: Stack-like Reactor Applied to Water-gas Shift Testing Water-gas Shift 2 [WGS 2]: Stack-like Reactor Applied to Water-gas Shift Water-gas Shift 3 [WGS 3]: Sandwich-type Reactor ([HCR 4]) Applied to Water-gas Shift Catalyst Testing Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation 1 [PrOx 1]: MEMS-like Reactor Applied to Studies of the PrOx Reaction in Micro Channels Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation 2 [PrOx 2]: Single-plate Reactor Based on MEMS Technology Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation 3 [PrOx 3]: Integrated Micro Structure Heat Exchanger for PrOx Applied in a 20 kW Fuel Processor Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation 4 [PrOx 4]: Stack-like Reactor Applied to PrOx Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation 5 [PrOx 5]: Integrated Heat Exchanger/Reactor for PrOx Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation 6 [PrOx 6]: Stack-like Reactor Applied to PrOx Micro Structured Membranes for CO Clean-up Micro Structured Membranes for CO Clean-up 1 [MMem 1]: Palladium-based Reactor for Membrane-supported Water-gas Shift Micro Structured Membranes for CO Clean-up 2 [MMem 2]: Palladium Membrane Micro Reactor Micro Structured Membranes for CO Clean-up 3 [MMem 3]: Palladium Membranes in Micro Slits Micro Structured Membranes for CO Clean-up 4 [MMem 4]: Supported Palladium Membrane Micro Structured Membranes for CO Clean-up 5 [MMem 5]: Sputtered Tantalum Membrane Micro Structured Membranes for CO Clean-up 6 [MMem 6]: Pd and Pd77Ag23 Membranes Micro Structured Membranes for CO Clean-up 7 [MMem 7]: Free-standing Pd, Pd/Cu and Pd/Ag Membranes Integrated Micro Structured Reactor Fuel Processing Concepts Parametric Study for Coupling Highly Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Co-current Operation of Combined Meso-scale Heat Exchangers and Reactors for Methanol Steam Reforming Feasibility Study for Combined Methane Oxidation/Steam Reforming in an Integrated Heat Exchanger Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 1 [ISMol 1]: Integrated Methanol Fuel Processor (Casio) Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 2 [ISMol 2]: Integrated Methanol Fuel Processor (Motorola) Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 3 [ISMol 3]: Integrated Autothermal Methanol Fuel Processor (Ballard) Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 4 [ISMol 4]: Integrated Methanol Steam Reforming Fuel Processor for 20 kW Power Output Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 5 [ISMol 5]: Integrated Methanol Fuel Processor for 100 W Power Output Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 6 [ISMol 6]: Integrated Methanol Fuel Processor for 15 W Power Output Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 7 [ISMol 7]: Integrated Methanol Fuel Processor for the Sub-watt Power Range Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 8 [ISMol 8]: Integrated Reformer/Combustor Reactor Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 9 [ISMol 9]: Chip-like Methanol Reformer/Combustor Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 10 [ISMol 10]: Micro Integrated Heat Exchanger/Reactor for Methanol Steam Reforming Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 11 [ISMol 11]: Micro Integrated Heat Exchanger/Fixed-bed Reactor for Methanol Steam Reforming Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 12 [ISMol 12]: Integrated Methanol Evaporator and Hydrogen Combustor Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methanol 13 [ISMol 13]: Integrated Methanol Evaporator and Methanol Reformer Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methane Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methane 1 [ISM 1]: Integrated Reformer/Combustor Reactor Integrated Systems Fuelled by Methane 2 [ISM 2]: Integrated Reformer/Combustor Reactor Design Study for the Multi-stage Adiabatic Mode Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels 1 [ISV 1]: Integrated Evaporator/Burner Device for Automotive Applications Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels 2 [ISV 2]: Combined System of Integrated Reformer/Heat Exchanger and Evaporator/Heat Exchanger Devices for Automotive Applications Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels 3 [ISV 3]: Combined System of Integrated Reformer/Heat Exchanger and Evaporator/Heat Exchanger Devices for Automotive Applications Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels 4 [ISV 4]: Integrated Evaporator/Reformer/Burner Device for Automotive Applications Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels 5 [ISV 5]: Combined Evaporator/Reformer/Burner Device Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels 6 [ISV 6]: Integrated Reformer/Burner Device for Various Fuels Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels 7 [ISV 7]: Integrated Steam Reformer/Heat Exchanger for Isooctane Integrated Systems Running on Various Fuels 8 [ISV 8]: Design of an Integrated MEMS Reformer/Burner Device for Butane Comparison of Micro Structured Fuel Processor Systems with Conventional Technologies Comparison on a Larger Scale Between a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger, a Porous Metal Structure and a Plate and Fin Heat Exchanger Applied to Preferential CO Oxidation Comparison Between Packed Bed and Coating in Micro Tubes Applied to Methanol Steam Reforming Comparison Between Coated Micro Structures and a Conventional Monolith Applied to Autothermal Methanol Reforming Comparison Between a Micro Structured Monolith and Conventional Monoliths Applied to Partial Oxidation of Methane Comparison Between Coated Micro Structures and a Conventional Monolith Applied to Water-gas Shift Comparison Between Coated Micro Structures and a Conventional Monolith Applied to Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide Fabrication Techniques for Micro Structured Energy Generation Systems Materials Applied Micro Structuring Techniques Micro Milling Electrodischarge Machining Wet Chemical Etching Punching Embossing Laser Micro Machining (Ablation) Sintering Bonding Techniques Gaskets Conventional Welding Laser Welding Electron Beam Welding Diffusion Bonding Brazing Sintering Catalyst Coating Techniques for Micro Structures and Their Application in Fuel Processing Coating of Ready-made Catalyst Wash Coating Spray Coating Sol–Gel Coating Anodic Oxidation Electrophoretic Deposition Oxidation of FeCrAlloys Introduction of ZSM-5 Zeolite into Micro Channels