Microstrip antenna design using different feed technique

Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) have several well-known feeding techniques, which are coaxial probe feed (CPF), microstrip transmission line feed (TLF), proximity coupled feed (PCF) and aperture coupled feed (ACF). Direct contacting feeds such as CPF and TLF; as its name implies, transfer the power fed into the MPA directly via a conducting feed line connected to the patch conductor. In non-contacting feeds, the laminates are separated by a ground plane and coupling between the microstrip feed line, and the patch antenna is achieved either electromagnetically or via a small slot on the ground plane. No vertical interconnects are required for these feeds, simplifying the fabrication processes and also adhering to the conformal nature of printed circuit technology.